+235 is the dialing code for Chad.
Chad is located in North Central Africa and lacks coast. A number of military coup regimes have over the years replaced each other in power and have been under constant pressure from armed insurgency movements. Hundreds of thousands of people live in refugee camps. During the 2010 century, the country was also plagued by the Islamist movement Boko Haram. Chad contains oil and good deposits of other minerals.
- Abbreviationfinder: Brief profiles of Chad, including geography, history, politics, economics as well as common acronyms about this country.
Geography and climate
Chad is located in the area where the southern border of the Sahara desert turns into steppe and further south into the savanna. The land is three times as large as Sweden.
Chad lacks the coast and is surrounded by mountains in all directions, except in the west. The volcanic rock massif Tibesti in the north reaches over 3,000 meters in height.
The country’s most fertile soils are in the southwest, where wildlife is also richest. The Chari and Logone rivers unite at the capital N’Djamena and then flow into Lake Chad, which has decreased dramatically in size due to decreasing rainfall.
The desert landscape in northern Chad rarely receives rain and can have minus degrees in the mountains at night. The central steppe receives 250–500 mm of precipitation annually. In the south, where the climate is tropical, more rain falls. Agriculture can be carried out there. In the capital N’Djamena, the heat can be extremely depressing. In the southwest, tropical deciduous forest grows.
Country Facts
Geography
| Cultivated land | 39.6 % |
| Land area | 1284000 km 2 |
Population and health
| Population development | 1.89 m |
| Urban population (Urbanization) | 22.5 % |
| Death rate | 14.28 per 1000 residents |
| Life expectancy: Women | 51.03 years |
| Life expectancy: Men | 48.64 years |
| Birth rate | 36.6 births per 1000 residents |
| HDI index | 0.392 |
| Population | 11631456 |
| Infant mortality | 88.69 deaths / 1000 births |
Population Graph Source: Countryaah.com
Energy
| Electricity, production | 205 million kWh |
| Energy consumption per resident | kg. oil per resident |
| Natural gas, production | million cubic meters |
| Crude oil, production | 4 million tons |
Infrastructure
| Internet users | 2.4 per 100 residents |
| Mobile subscriptions | 46 per 100 residents |
| Passenger cars | 6 per 1000 residents |
Business and economics
| Unemployment | % of the workforce |
| GDP | 2600 per resident |
| Primary occupations | 80 % |
| Secondary profession | 10 % |
| Tertiary professions | 10 % |
FACTS – GEOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE
Surface
1 284 000 km2 (2018)
Time
Swedish
Adjacent country (s)
Libya, Sudan, Central African Republic, Cameroon, Nigeria, Niger
Capital with number of residents
Ndjamena 1.26 million
Other major cities
Moundou 141,000, Sarh 107,000, Abéché 78,000 (estimated 2007)
Highest mountain
Emi Koussi (3,415 m asl)
Important rivers
Chari, Logone
Largest lake
Tcadsjön
Average Precipitation / year
N’Djamena 744 mm
Average / day
N’Djamena 24 °C (Jan), 28 °C (July)
2010
December
UN mission leaves the country
The UN mission Minurcat formally completes its mission in Chad (see July 2010).
October
Parts of the UFR put down their weapons
Parts of the rebel alliance of the Resistance Force Union (UFR) are putting down their weapons in exchange for a promise of amnesty. However, a fraction of the UFR opposes the settlement with the government and relocates its bases to the neighboring Central African Republic. UFR suffered heavy losses in 2009 and lost around 80 percent of its warriors.
September
The parliamentary elections are postponed
The government and the opposition agree to postpone the parliamentary elections until February 2011 in order to bring all the preparations required.
July
Chad fails to arrest Sudan’s president
Sudan’s President Omar Hassan al-Bashir visits Chad who fails to arrest him despite al-Bashir being called by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity and Chad belongs to the countries that have joined the ICC.
Sudan is running out of rebel movements
Sudan asks leaders of the most important Chadian rebel movements to leave Sudanese territory.
Parliament is being expanded
A new law is enacted which will increase the number of seats in Parliament from 155 to 188. The aim is to smooth out previous imbalances between different regions.
May
UN mission is taken home from Chad
The UN Security Council decides that the UN mission Minurcat (United Nations Mission in the Central African Republic and Chad) should be withdrawn in two steps and that all personnel should be out of Chad on December 31, 2010.
April
Many dead in fighting in the east
The government states that over 100 rebels have been killed in two war outbreaks in eastern Chad. At the same time, the rebels claim that the government side has suffered heavy losses.
March
Bad harvests cause food shortages
Reports say that nearly two million Chadians have been suffering from food shortages due to poor harvests.
The government is leaving
Abbas resigns due to corruption scandals revealed in October 2009. Emmanuel Nadingar becomes new head of government. Nearly half of the ministers are replaced.
January
Relations with Sudan are improving
Chad and Sudan enter into an agreement to normalize relations, open the border and establish a common border control force. For the first time in years, an agreement between Chad and Sudan will have an effect (compare Foreign Policy and Defense); Border surveillance is tightened and the two countries cease their support to neighboring rebels.
The parliamentary elections are postponed
The Election Commission announces that the parliamentary elections that would have been held in 2009 have now been postponed further, until November 2010.